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Businesses Supporting Charity: Are you a Commercial Coventurer?

Many Vermont businesses are dedicated to social responsibility and put these values into practice by running a charitable sales promotion in support of local charities, especially during the holiday season. When the promotion involves donations that are driven by a purchase of goods or services (such as donating a certain sum per item purchased or donating an item for each purchased item), these campaigns trigger certain legal requirements that vary by state.

Are you running a charitable sales promotion?

A “charitable sales promotion,” also known as “cause related marketing,” is a campaign where a person or business represents that a certain portion of the price of a good or service sold will be donated to a charity or benefit a charitable purpose, usually for a temporary period of time. For example, your local brewery might donate $1 per drink sold during the month of December to a charity. A charitable sales promotion does not include the following circumstances:

  • When 100% of the amount paid for the good or service is donated to charity;
  • The business selling the product does not generate a net profit; or
  • The promotion does not involve the sale or lease of goods or services.

Are you a commercial coventurer?

A for profit business that runs a charitable sales promotion is a “commercial coventurer,” such as the local brewery in the example above.

What are the legal requirements for a commercial coventurer to run a charitable sales promotion in Vermont?

Each state regulates commercial coventurers and charitable sales promotions a little differently.  If you are running a charitable promotion that applies to goods purchased outside of Vermont or online, you could be subject to other state rules. 

For promotions in Vermont, commercial coventurers need to ensure that consumers who might be enticed to purchase because of the promotion understand the key terms of the promotion.  Any place or time that the business it makes a representation that a purchase will trigger a donation to charity, it must include the following information somewhere close by  under Vermont law:

  • The name of the charity or charitable purpose that is to benefit.
  • The amount per goods or services purchased or used that will benefit the charity, usually expressed either as a dollar amount or the percentage of the amount paid.
  • The maximum amount that will be donated to the charity or cause (e.g., up to $1,000).
  • Although not specifically required under statute, it’s always a good idea to include the dates of the promotion so consumers are aware of when the promotion starts and ends. 

The business also needs to keep records to show that it has complied with these requirements. It’s generally a good idea to have an agreement with the charity you are supporting to make sure you have permission to use their name and that both you and the charity are clear on the amount of proceeds that are going to the charity and when you plan to donate the total amount raised. 

The requirements for charitable sales promotions in Vermont are less onerous than many other states. For example, several states require contracts with charitable partners and specific registration of commercial coventurers as well as pre-registration and reporting on each promotion. If you are a business that wants to run a charitable sales promotion in Vermont or online, or have questions about compliance, please reach out to Victoria Westgate or Megan Grove in our advertising and consumer protection practice group.

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Attorneys Geoff Hand and Megan Grove Present at the 10th Annual Vermont Development Conference

Attorneys Geoff Hand and Megan Grove are presenting at White & Burke’s 10th Annual Vermont Development Conference. This event allows opportunity to connect and network with industry leaders, fellow professionals and developers.

Megan will moderate a panel addressing the opportunities and challenges of redeveloping brownfields to build new housing in Vermont. Panelists will provide insight into their experiences navigating the legal and economic challenges associated with brownfields redevelopment, and how to tap into existing state resources.

Geoff will be speaking on a panel addressing the future land use regulation based on the passage of Act 181. This law significantly amended Act 250, Vermont’s statewide land use planning law, and will affect state, municipal and regional land use processes. Panelists will highlight changes in the law and the role and work of the newly created Land Use Review Board.

The 10th Annual Vermont Development Conference will be held on November 20 and you can register for conference here.

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Attorneys Geoff Hand and Megan Grove Present at 2024 Vermont Conservation Conference

Attorneys Geoff Hand and Megan Grove are presenting at the 2024 Vermont Conservation Conference held at the Vermont State University, Randolph campus. The conference is held for the conservation community across Vermont to meet and share resources to foster discussions regarding collaborative, strategic and informed conservation work and planning.

Geoff and Megan will present with Attorney Dave Gurtman, of Dinse, P.C., on the issue of private benefit for 501(c)(3) non-profit organizations that hold conservation easements. The panelists will provide an overview of the private benefit doctrine, discuss common scenarios where private benefit concerns arise, and explain when it is appropriate to seek experienced legal counsel to analyze the risk of private benefit.

The Vermont Conservation Conference will be held on October 7 and you can register for conference here.

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Outright Vermont Acquires Camp Sunrise for an LGBTQ+ Youth Summer Camp

Outright Vermont (“Outright”), a statewide nonprofit that supports LGBTQ+ youth, acquired Camp Sunrise, a 146-acre lakefront property in Vermont, from the Green Mountain Council of the Scouting America.  This property in southern Vermont had operated as a summer camp for Scouting America for more or less a century. The property will be the new home of Camp Outright and will allow Outright to expand their overnight summer camp to more LBGTQ+ youth from Vermont and beyond. In partnership with the Vermont Land Trust (“VLT”) and the Vermont Housing and Conservation Board (“VHCB”), Outright has permanently conserved nearly 120 acres of forest and wetlands consisting of many vital habitats and natural resources. The realization of this important milestone by Outright was made possible by the collaborative efforts of Scouting America, VLT, and VHCB.

Outright Vermont Executive Director, Dana Kaplan stated “As summer approaches, many LBGTQ+ youth in Vermont and across the nation lack access to summer camp experiences where they can feel safe, seen, and truly celebrated.  This acquisition brings to life the power of radical hope for LGBTQ+ youth, telling them they are worthy of an experience designed for them where they are safe and celebrated.”

Attorneys Drew Kervick and Megan Noonan assisted Outright Vermont in the acquisition of Camp Sunrise, along with the conservation of the protected portions of the property.

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“Clean” Beauty in the Eyes of the National Advertising Division and Federal Courts

“Clean” claims are ubiquitous in the beauty industry, as the National Advertising Division (NAD) recently recognized, but there is no single definition of what it means to be a “clean” product. Some companies have been challenged for their “clean” claims, and two recent decisions by the NAD and a federal court have shed some light on what a company needs to support a “clean” claim.

First, the NAD itself challenged Amyris Clean Beauty, the manufacturer of Biossance skincare products, as to whether the company could support its claim that its products contain “Clean ingredients and clean formulas—we ban over 2000 ingredients that are known to be toxic to you and the environment.”  Because there is no single meaning of “clean,” the NAD explained that the context of the claim is key. Here, the NAD understood the claim to convey that Amyris products are “clean” because they do not contain thousands of ingredients that are toxic to humans and the environment. However, the company’s prohibited ingredients list included a large number of ingredients that aren’t normally used in cosmetics. That can be misleading under the FTC Green Guides, which provide that an otherwise truthful claim that a product does not contain a substance can still be deceptive if that substance is not normally used in or associated with that category of products. The NAD recommended that Amyris modify the claim to only reflect the ingredients banned that are normally used in beauty products.

Second, a federal district court in New York ruled in favor of Sephora, dismissing a complaint on behalf of a potential class of customers that the company’s “Clean at Sephora” label was false and misleading. Sephora describes its label on its website as meaning that the products are “formulated without parabens, sulfates SLS and SLES, phthalates, mineral oil, formaldehyde, and more.” The plaintiff argued that the label conveys the meaning that products with the label do not contain any synthetic ingredients or ingredients that could cause physical harm or irritation. The court rejected this argument, holding that plaintiffs failed to explain how reasonable consumers could mistake the label to mean that the products didn’t contain any synthetic or harmful ingredients beyond the list specified by Sephora. Since plaintiff also failed to show that products labeled “Clean at Sephora” contained any of the ingredients that Sephora claimed they did not, the court ultimately dismissed the suit.

Using terms that lack a regulatory definition such as “clean” or “natural” can often come with risk because of the potential for a wide array of meanings to consumers. These two cases helpfully suggest that if a company clearly and prominently defines what “clean” means in the context of the claim and ensures that all products labeled “clean” meet that definition, they may have a strong defense to consumers who interpret “clean” differently. In other words, don’t make a mess of your clean claims by failing to properly qualify them!

If you have questions about consumer protection and green marketing claims, contact Vic Westgate and Megan Noonan, our Advertising & Marketing attorneys.

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IRS Releases Guidance on Program to Bring Renewable Energy to Low-Income Communities

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA) aimed to accelerate the transition to a clean energy economy by encouraging investment and development in economically disadvantaged communities. The IRA extended the Investment Tax Credit (ITC) available under Section 48 of the Internal Revenue Code (the Code), which provides up to 30% in tax credit for wind and solar energy facilities that have a maximum net output of less than 5 megawatts. The IRA also provided a bonus 10% credit for such facilities located in low-income communities, defined as the same communities eligible for the New Markets Tax Credit. Additionally, this provision created a 10% bonus credit for facilities located on federally identified Indian land, and a 20% bonus credit for facilities that are built as part of a qualified low-income residential building or qualified low-income benefit project.

To receive these bonus credits, project owners must apply for an allocation of credit through a program administered by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and Department of Energy (DOE). The IRS recently released initial guidance establishing the program that will allocate the “Environmental Justice Solar and Wind Capacity Limitation.”

In 2023 and 2024, the total capacity limitation of the program is 1.8 gigawatts per year. Unused capacity in 2023 will carry over into 2024. Of that total, 700 megawatts will be allocated to projects located in low-income communities, called “Category 1” projects.

Applications for the program will open in 60-day windows later in 2023, and windows for each category will open in phases. An applicant can apply only for one category of credit. The application window for Category 1 is likely to open after Categories 3 and 4 (qualified low-income residential buildings and qualified low-income benefit projects). DOE will review applications and make recommendations to IRS regarding which applicants should receive an allocation of credit.

Like application timing, construction timing will be important. The facility must be placed in service within four years after the allocation is received and is not eligible if it is placed in service before credit is allocated. In addition, for a solar project to be eligible for the ITC under Section 48, project construction must begin before January 1, 2025. However, if construction begins after January 1, 2025, a solar project may still qualify for a tax credit and low-income community credit boost under Section 48E of the Code, known as the Clean Electricity Investment Tax Credit. Details for that program have not yet been announced.

IRS plans to release additional guidance on the Section 48 ITC boost, which will include the criteria that the IRS and DOE will use to allocate capacity between applicants. There may be a focus on facilities that:

  • Are owned or developed by community-based organizations and mission-driven entities.
  • Have an impact on encouraging new market participants.
  • Provide substantial benefits to low-income communities and individuals marginalized from economic opportunities.
  • Have a higher degree of commercial readiness.

IRS may also implement a lottery or other process to allocate the capacity limitation if applications exceed the category’s capacity limitation. Stay tuned for more detail on the application process and facility eligibility.

IRS may also implement a lottery or other process to allocate the capacity limitation if applications exceed the category’s capacity limitation. Stay tuned for more detail on the application process and facility eligibility. If you have any questions or need help navigating tax credit transactions, please contact Drew Kervick and Megan Noonan at SRH Law.

*The information provided on this website does not and is not intended to constitute legal or tax advice. All information, content, and materials available on this site are for general informational purposes only.

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FTC Green Guides to be Reviewed in 2023

In a long awaited move, the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) announced in December that it is seeking public comment on its review of the ‘Green Guides’ for the Use of Environmental Claims (16 C.F.R. part 260).  The Green Guides are intended to help marketers avoid making false and misleading claims about environmental benefits and to offer specific guidance on the substantiation required to make certain green claims.  The Green Guides were first issued in 1992 and last updated in 2012.

The FTC’s request acknowledges that over the last decade, there has been increased attention paid to environmental issues along with the proliferation of environmental marketing claims that are not covered by the current Green Guides.  The FTC is interested in better understanding how the marketplace and consumer understanding of green claims has evolved and the efficacy of the Green Guides to date, as well as whether the Green Guides overlap and conflict with other laws, including state and local laws.

In addition to these general issues, the FTC has identified a number of specific green claims and asked for comment on whether the Green Guides should be revised to change current guidance or newly address claims that weren’t previously included: 

  • Carbon offsets and climate change claims, such as “net zero,” “carbon neutral,” “low carbon,” or “carbon negative”
  • Waste disposal claims – e.g., recyclable, compostable, or biodegradable
  • Waste content claims, such as recycled content
  • Energy use and efficiency claims
  • Organic claims
  • Sustainable claims

Any changes to the Green Guides are likely to impact any company making environmental claims.  This impact is potentially significant for companies making or considering making any claims that fall into the list above, as the FTC may well set new standards for what qualifications or evidence is required to make or support these types of claims.  Initial comments are due to the FTC on February 21, 2023.
Vic Westgate and Megan Noonan will continue to monitor this process and provide updates as the FTC’s review moves forward throughout this year.  

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Evernorth and COTS Begin Construction of Main Street Family Housing

The Committee on Temporary Shelter (COTS) and Evernorth, Inc. (Evernorth) are working together to co-develop Main Street Family Housing, a new affordable housing apartment building at 278 Main Street in Burlington. The groundbreaking ceremony today marks the beginning of construction for this project, which will create 16 new housing units for families that have experienced homelessness or are at the risk of homelessness. The project is a fitting capstone for COTS former Executive Director Rita Markley, who retired last month after decades of service at the helm of the organization.

The Vermont Housing Finance Agency, Vermont Housing and Conservation Board, the City of Burlington, COTS and Evernorth provided funding for the project, which included a combination of low-income housing tax credits, loans and grants. Our transactional attorneys, Drew Kervick, Mark Saunders and Megan Noonan, helped the developers with real estate and tax credit financing matters to enable the project to come to fruition. If you are interested in learning more about our affordable housing practice, please contact Drew Kervick.

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Megan Noonan Joins SRH Law

Burlington, VT – SRH Law is pleased to announce that Megan Noonan has joined the firm as an associate attorney. Megan is a 2020 graduate of Vermont Law School. Before joining the firm, she clerked for the Honorable Paul L. Reiber, Chief Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court. Megan’s practice will focus on transactional, affordable housing, and corporate law.

During her time at VLS, Megan interned for the Honorable Peter W. Hall of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, served as a managing editor of the Vermont Law Review, and worked with the Appellate Advocacy Project. Before law school, Megan advocated for expanded voting rights and ethics reform in Montpelier.

“Megan’s drive for sustainable and accessible communities is a great fit for the mission-driven work we do at SRH Law. We are happy to welcome her to the firm,” said Andy Raubvogel, Managing Partner.

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News

Join SRH Law and Build a Legal Practice with Purpose

SRH Law’s Statement in Support of the Rule of Law

Vermont PUC Compliance Filing Grace Period Ends March 13, 2025

Businesses Supporting Charity: Are you a Commercial Coventurer?

Corporate Transparency Act Enforcement Halted: What Businesses Need to Know

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